Security features on Vietnamese passports: anti-counterfeiting layers and hidden patterns under UV light

The new Vietnamese passport model, issued from 1 July 2022, is produced according to ICAO Doc 9303 standards and integrates multiple anti-counterfeiting security layers. One of the most recognisable features is the system of patterns printed with luminescent ink — visible only when viewed under ultraviolet (UV) light. This article explains how these security layers work and why they are important for document authentication.

Security structure of the new Vietnamese passport model

Vietnamese passports meet the security standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO Doc 9303). The document combines multiple overlapping protection layers, including: a machine-readable zone (MRZ), intaglio printing, UV-reactive luminescent ink, and heritage patterns printed on each page. With electronic chip passport models, personal information is encrypted and can only be read by specialised equipment at border crossings.

From 1 March 2023, passports with electronic chips (biometric passports) were implemented in Vietnam, allowing for the storage of biometric data for identity verification. You can learn more about the history, design, and types of passports in the article Vietnam passport.

Hidden patterns visible under 365 nm UV light

Luminescent ink on the passport reacts to ultraviolet light at a wavelength of approximately 365 nm. Under normal light, passport pages only display basic content. When viewed under a UV lamp, the intaglio-printed patterns glow and reveal iconic structures and landscapes of the country.

Some characteristic patterns that appear under UV light:

• Lung Cu Flag Tower — a symbol of the northern border region
• Khue Van Cac — representing Hanoi
• Nha Rong Wharf — a historical landmark of Saigon
• Heritage patterns and motifs stretching from North to South

In terms of security, the luminescent ink layer is difficult to replicate with standard printing equipment, thus playing an important role in anti-counterfeiting and supporting rapid document authentication at border crossings. This is a security technique adopted by many countries, combined with intaglio printing and electronic chips.

Comparison of security standards with the region

Regarding security technology, Vietnamese passports apply solutions similar to many countries in the region: UV luminescent ink, intaglio printing, and electronic chips. The unique identity lies in the use of cultural heritage patterns and characteristic landscapes of Vietnam on each page.

Regarding the international mobility of the passport (number of visa-free destinations), you can look up and compare visually using the tool Passport Index powered by Prosperous Intelligence. Specific rankings change with each update, so you should refer directly to the tool for the latest figures.

Observing the passport under UV light correctly

To observe the hidden patterns, you can use a UV lamp at a 365 nm wavelength. When illuminated, the symbols and heritage patterns will glow. Note that you should only shine the light for a short time, avoiding prolonged exposure or holding it too close to avoid affecting the quality of the document. This information is for reference only and does not replace the guidance of the authorities.

The security layers on Vietnamese passports serve both aesthetic value and the goals of anti-counterfeiting and protecting the owner’s identity. To fully understand the structure, types of passports, and issuance process, please read the article Vietnam passport.